Xanax (alprazolam), a prescription medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, is often misused by teens for its calming, sedative effects. As a fast-acting benzodiazepine, Xanax has the potential for abuse and dependence, especially when used outside of prescribed guidelines. Recognizing the signs of Xanax abuse early can help parents intervene before the problem worsens.

Physical Symptoms of Xanax Abuse

Teens abusing Xanax may show a variety of physical signs that can be noticeable to parents or caregivers. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Xanax is a central nervous system depressant, meaning it slows down brain activity, which can lead to:

• Drowsiness and Lethargy: Teens may appear overly tired, lethargic, or unusually relaxed.
• Slurred Speech and Poor Coordination: Xanax affects motor skills, often causing slurred speech, clumsiness, or unsteady movement.
• Slowed Breathing: Large doses of Xanax can lead to respiratory depression, slowing down breathing and increasing the risk of overdose.
• Blackouts and Memory Loss: Some teens may experience blackouts or have difficulty remembering what happened while under the influence of Xanax.

High doses or frequent misuse of Xanax can increase the likelihood of these symptoms, as the body builds tolerance, requiring larger amounts to achieve the same effect beyond the intended calming effects. If you notice these signs in your teen, it may be time to seek help.

Behavioral Changes

Xanax misuse can lead to noticeable changes in a teen’s behavior, especially in areas related to their responsibilities and social interactions. Behavioral signs of Xanax abuse include:

• Withdrawal from School and Activities: Teens abusing Xanax may lose interest in school, sports, hobbies, or friendships. According to the Mayo Clinic, benzodiazepine misuse often results in a decline in daily responsibilities.
• Secretive or Avoidant Behavior: Teens may become more secretive, avoiding family interactions or becoming defensive if questioned. They may also start spending more time alone or associating with new social circles where drug use may be more accepted.
• Risky Behavior: Benzodiazepines like Xanax lower inhibitions, which can lead to risky behaviors, such as driving under the influence or engaging in unsafe social activities.

These behavioral changes can be subtle at first but often become more noticeable as the misuse continues.

Emotional Symptoms

Emotional instability is another common sign of Xanax abuse. While Xanax is prescribed to reduce anxiety, misuse can lead to an emotional rollercoaster, impacting a teen’s mental health in the long term. Signs may include:

• Mood Swings and Irritability: Teens abusing Xanax may experience sudden changes in mood, going from calm or euphoric to irritable and frustrated. You may notice decreases in their ability to emotionally self-regulate their feelings and behavior.
• Increased Anxiety or Depression: While initially calming, prolonged misuse of Xanax can worsen anxiety and even contribute to depressive symptoms as the body becomes dependent on the drug.
• Self-Medication: Teens may use Xanax to self-medicate for stress or anxiety, but this often results in a cycle of dependence. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), self-medicating with benzodiazepines can exacerbate emotional instability, leading to a higher likelihood of mental health challenges over time.

The Scope of the Problem

Prescription drug misuse among teens, including Xanax, is more common than many realize. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 6% of U.S. teens admitted to misusing prescription medications, including Xanax. With Xanax so often glamorized in music and social media, it’s essential for parents to stay aware of these signs and take early action to prevent the potential for dependence and long-term mental health consequences.

Steps for Parents: What to Do If You Suspect Xanax Abuse

If you recognize any of these signs in your teen, it’s important to respond with support and understanding. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Initiate a Calm Conversation: Approach the topic without judgment, expressing concern for your teen’s well-being. Let them know you are there to help, not punish, and encourage open communication.
2. Seek Professional Help: Xanax misuse can quickly lead to dependence, and withdrawal from benzodiazepines should be medically supervised. Reach out to a healthcare provider for advice on treatment options, which may include counseling or substance use programs.
3. Set Boundaries and Provide Support: Establish clear expectations about substance use, while also offering emotional support. Encourage healthy coping mechanisms for stress and anxiety, such as physical activity, creative outlets, or professional therapy.

Conclusion

Recognizing the signs of Xanax abuse early can make a critical difference in a teen’s recovery journey. By understanding the physical, behavioral, and emotional indicators of Xanax misuse, parents can take steps to prevent dependence and support their teen in finding healthier ways to manage anxiety and stress.

References

1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). "Prescription Sedatives and Tranquilizers DrugFacts."
2. Mayo Clinic. (2021). "Benzodiazepine Misuse: Symptoms and Causes."
3. American Psychological Association. (2017). "Anxiety Disorders and Xanax Misuse."
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States."